Solved Cleaning software


I stopped trusting 3rd party cleaning apps over a decade ago. Almost nothing is free on the internet. If it comes with a free trial, your info is the product the company is selling. The biggest problem is windows updates seem to turn the OS into spaghetti code. Nothing in my experience slows down a computer more than a feature upgrade, except for malware, which is easy to avoid using common sense, a good adblocker, and a VPN that blocks malware and ads.

It takes me about a half hour to clean my system by wiping the system drive and reinstalling windows when things inevitably slow down. On my laptop, Windows x-lite installs in less than 2 minutes using RUFUS on a SSD enclosure. All my downloads, documents, applications, photos and other important files are kept on a separate drive, making the OS disposable.
 

My Computer My Computer

At a glance

Windows 11 22H2 Pro (X-lite Micro 11 version)i7 13850HX (20 cores, 28 threads)32GB DDR5Intel UHD/ RTX 1000 ADA
OS
Windows 11 22H2 Pro (X-lite Micro 11 version)
Computer type
Laptop
Manufacturer/Model
Dell/ Precision 7680
CPU
i7 13850HX (20 cores, 28 threads)
Motherboard
Dell
Memory
32GB DDR5
Graphics Card(s)
Intel UHD/ RTX 1000 ADA
Sound Card
Realtek
Monitor(s) Displays
4K UHD Touchscreen
Screen Resolution
3840 x 2400
Hard Drives
Samsung 512GB system drive
WD Blue 1TB game drive
PSU
240W AC adapter, 1800W when docked
Internet Speed
1 gigabit symmetrical
Browser
Firefox, Librewolf
Antivirus
None. Manully configured so nobody except me can change any critical system files. (Don't ask how, it's probably against some rule somewhere)
Currently, I am using SirCleaner Pro by SirSoft, and I also have used System Ninja Pro and CCleaner, but as said by @pewa , I was not impressed with the bloatware that Avast added on. SirCleaner is a relatively new program, only released this year, but it is very fast and powerful, the best I have used in my many years behind a keyboard. It is available in free and paid (Pro) versions.

My experience with my desktop computer when I run SirCleaner weekly is that it identifies 2 to 3 GBs of junk files. System Ninja identifies far fewer, and Windows Disk Cleanup usually between only 100 to 500 MB, unless it finds a lot of excess Windows files, or a Windows.Old folder, which happens only very occasionally.

It is amazing how many programs, and Windows itself, plus browsers, inundate a computer with unnecessary temporary files. I don't want to be backing that junk up weekly, slowing down my backup programs and verification, as well as force my computer to wade through all of those garbage files, not to mention slowing down antivirus and malware scans.

@SirShane is the developer of the program, and he is a member of these Forums. He might like to chime in to explain the many benefits of using a junk file cleaner.

DISCLOSURE: I have assisted Shane in the creation and editing of the SirCleaner Help file, and done some beta testing. That said, I paid for my Pro licence, at a 50% discount for one year, offered on another Forum to the first 200 customers. I have no other affiliations with SirCleaner.


From my experience, Windows Disk Cleanup is not enough, by far. It seems to focus on Windows files, not on other sources of junk temporary files. Any reputable junk file cleaner, including those mentioned in previous posts, is better than relying on Windows Disk Cleanup.

I would also point out that I run Windows Disk Cleaner weekly. The reputable junk file cleaners will not target the Windows files that Disk Cleanup does, so it should also be run regularly. The developers of those junk file cleaners know that trying to clean Windows files, with Microsoft continually modifying it every month, is dangerous and not worth the effort.

Just my two cents. Others may disagree. Have a great day.

Regards,
Phil
 

My Computers My Computers

  • At a glance

    Windows 11 Pro Version 25H2 (Build 26200.8894Intel i7-9700K 4700 MHz32 GB (4 x 8GB SK Hynix DDR4 @1333 MHz) (2666...NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 (6 GB) GDDR6 300 MHz
    OS
    Windows 11 Pro Version 25H2 (Build 26200.8894
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Dell XPS8930 SE
    CPU
    Intel i7-9700K 4700 MHz
    Motherboard
    Dell XPS 8930
    Memory
    32 GB (4 x 8GB SK Hynix DDR4 @1333 MHz) (2666 MHz)
    Graphics Card(s)
    NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 (6 GB) GDDR6 300 MHz
    Sound Card
    None
    Monitor(s) Displays
    Dell UltraSharp U2518D 25"
    Screen Resolution
    2560 x 1440
    Hard Drives
    NVMe Intel 1024 TB
    Seagate 2 TB, SATA-III
    Western Digital Black 4TB
    PSU
    850 W Gold Standard
    Case
    Dell XPS 8930 Base (Special Edition)
    Cooling
    Air
    Keyboard
    Dell 0G4D2W
    Mouse
    Dell MOCZUL
    Internet Speed
    Download 553 Mbps, Upload 686 Mbps
    Browser
    Google Chrome
    Antivirus
    ESET Smart Security Premium, plus Malwarebytes Premium
    Other Info
    BIOS Version 1.1.31
  • At a glance

    Windows 11 Pro Version 25H2 (Build 26200.8894)i7-9750H 4.5 GHz16 GB (2 x 8GB @ 1333 MHz) DDR4-2666 MHzNVIDIA GeForce 1650 4 GB GDDR5
    Operating System
    Windows 11 Pro Version 25H2 (Build 26200.8894)
    Computer type
    Laptop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Dell XPS 15 7590
    CPU
    i7-9750H 4.5 GHz
    Motherboard
    Dell XPS 15 7590
    Memory
    16 GB (2 x 8GB @ 1333 MHz) DDR4-2666 MHz
    Graphics card(s)
    NVIDIA GeForce 1650 4 GB GDDR5
    Sound Card
    None
    Monitor(s) Displays
    Dell XPS 15 7590, 15.6" InfinityEdge Anti-Glare, Non-Touch
    Screen Resolution
    1920 x 1080
    Hard Drives
    512 GB M.2 PCle NVMe SK Hynix
    PSU
    130W Power Adapter
    Case
    Dell XPS 15 7590
    Cooling
    Air
    Keyboard
    Laptop
    Mouse
    Logitech M510
    Internet Speed
    Download: 400 Mbps, Upload: 203 Mbps
    Browser
    Google Chrome
    Antivirus
    ESET Smart Security Premium, plus Malwarebytes Premium
    Other Info
    BIOS Version 1.35.0
Smaller partition = smaller and faster backups and restores, less than a minute. Easy to save on a free cloud.
It also prevents disk writes, there is OP, who does regular backups and his disk has 23% health after 5 years.
Not a compelling reason, at least for me. If you're installing all the applications on a different drive, you really complicate your life since you have to back that up in synchronism with the boot drive to have a coherent backup image. I keep my actual user data on a separate drive since I like to back that up every day.

The speed of restores is a non-issue for any typical user, how many times does a typical user restore their boot image? The goal is not to have to restore it at all! If a restore takes one minute or 20 minutes, that's pretty much a non-issue unless you're a developer that is doing it all the time.

Backup speed? Again, much ado about nothing. It's not like you're frozen in time while a backup is happening, virtually all backup applications work in the background and you can just keep working. I have Acronis True Image scheduling my backups automatically, other than the status email I get to tell me if the backup was good or bad, I don't even notice them happening.

I'm at a loss how splitting up Windows on multiple drives prevents disk writes, you'll have to explain that one to me. While it might move some disk writes to a different logical or physical drive, it sure seems they'll still be happening! For my system, my working partitions are all on a 2TB NVMe drive, and my two layers of automated backup in this machine go to a total of three other physical drives, two 2TB SSD drives and one 4TB IronWolf HDD. Obviously, the backups have multiple generations or they wouldn't take that much capacity. :LOL:

The bottom line here is for the typical user, doing gymnastics to keep their Windows boot partition small is not a productive use of your time or energy. YMMV, but that's certainly my viewpoint.
 
Last edited:

My Computers My Computers

  • At a glance

    Win 11 Pro 25H2, Build 26200.8894Intel Core i5 1450064GB DDR4GeForce RTX 4060
    OS
    Win 11 Pro 25H2, Build 26200.8894
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Home Brew
    CPU
    Intel Core i5 14500
    Motherboard
    Gigabyte B760M G P WIFI
    Memory
    64GB DDR4
    Graphics Card(s)
    GeForce RTX 4060
    Sound Card
    Chipset Realtek
    Monitor(s) Displays
    LG 45" Ultragear, Acer 24" 1080p
    Screen Resolution
    5120x1440, 1920x1080
    Hard Drives
    Crucial P310 2TB 2280 PCIe Gen4 3D NAND NVMe M.2 SSD (O/S)
    Silicon Power 2TB US75 NVMe PCIe Gen4 M.2 2280 SSD (backup)
    Crucial BX500 2TB 3D NAND (2nd backup)
    Seagate 4TB Ironwolf, rotating HDD archive files
    External off-line backup Drives: 2 NVMe 4TB drives in external enclosures
    PSU
    Thermaltake Toughpower GF3 750W
    Case
    LIAN LI LANCOOL 216 E-ATX PC Case
    Cooling
    Lots of fans!
    Keyboard
    Microsoft Comfort Curve 2000
    Mouse
    Logitech G305
    Internet Speed
    Verizon FiOS 1GB
    Browser
    Firefox
    Antivirus
    Malware Bytes & Windows Defender Security
  • At a glance

    Win 11 Pro 25H2, Build 26200.8894Intel Core i5 1440032GB DDR5Intel 700 Embedded GPU
    Operating System
    Win 11 Pro 25H2, Build 26200.8894
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Home Brew
    CPU
    Intel Core i5 14400
    Motherboard
    Gigabyte B760M DS3H AX
    Memory
    32GB DDR5
    Graphics card(s)
    Intel 700 Embedded GPU
    Sound Card
    Realtek Embedded
    Monitor(s) Displays
    27" HP 1080p
    Screen Resolution
    1920x1080
    Hard Drives
    Crucial P310 2TB 2280 PCIe Gen4 eD NAND PCIe SSD
    Samsung EVO 990 2TB NVMe Gen4 SSD
    Samsung 2TB SATA SSD
    PSU
    Thermaltake Smart BM3 650W
    Case
    Okinos Micro ATX Case
    Cooling
    Fans
    Keyboard
    Microsoft Comfort Curve 2000
    Mouse
    Logitech G305
    Internet Speed
    Verizon FiOS 1GB
    Browser
    Firefox
    Antivirus
    Malware Bytes & Windows Defender Security
  • Nimo N171 17" Laptop, (Intel i3-1215U, 16GB RAM, 2TB NVMe, Win11 Pro)
    Acemagic Vista Mini PC V1 (Intel N150, 16GB RAM, 1TB NVMe, Win11 Pro)
    HP ENVY h8-1540t, (24GB RAM, 2TB SSD, 2TB HDD, Win11 Pro)
To my thinking, cleaning your pc manually should be enough. Use ‘Disk Cleanup’, empty your browser cache and remove all deletable files in your temporary folders. Then do a defragmentation for your HDD or optimization or trimming for your SSD. That should keep your pc in optimum condition.
(Disk Cleanup: Open Disk Cleanup tool. Remove temporary files. Clear system files. Delete downloaded program files. Empty recycle bin.)

I am currently only using Glary Utilities Pro version 5. I got it as a giveaway a couple of years ago. As I have it, I might as well use it but I am not 100% sure whether it is effective or not.

Anyway, I am conducting two trials to test the effectiveness of PRIVAZER PRO since I have it but had never used it. I bought it to create a portable version on a USB drive for my wife to use on her laptop at the office in the first place.

With just using Glary Utilities Pro, I backed up my system drive on my Dell laptop (Full HDD) with Hasleo Backup Suite, and the size was 19.3 GB. No registry cleaner used in this case.

With Glary Utilities Pro and Privazer Pro, and using the same backup software, the size turned out to be 18.7 GB. No registry cleaners used for both applications too.

I tested everything on my pc and it was working fine. Nothing was amiss. So with Privazer Pro, I managed to delete another 600 MB of redundant files. Now that’s interesting!

I am going to test Privazer Pro on my HP laptop (Full SSD) tomorrow. I will reveal the result after that experiment.

Before you start criticizing my post, I am just trying test how good Privazer Pro is. You folks can use whatever cleaning software you want and I am sure it will turn out to be alright. As long as you are happy and satisfied with the result, you can clean your system drive any way you want. To each his own.
1757876981756.webp
 

My Computer My Computer

At a glance

Win 7,8.1,10,11, Mint, Kde Plasma, DebianIntel(R) Core(TM) i7-6500U CPU @ 2.50GHz16 GBIntel(R) HD Graphics 520/Nvidia GeForce 930M
OS
Win 7,8.1,10,11, Mint, Kde Plasma, Debian
Computer type
Laptop
Manufacturer/Model
Dell
CPU
Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6500U CPU @ 2.50GHz
Memory
16 GB
Graphics Card(s)
Intel(R) HD Graphics 520/Nvidia GeForce 930M
Sound Card
Intel(R) Display Audio/RealtekAudio
Monitor(s) Displays
Generic Pnp Monitor
Screen Resolution
1366 X 768
Hard Drives
ST2000LM024-1EJ164
Keyboard
Eng (US)
Mouse
Sanwa Supply
Browser
Firefox
Antivirus
Avast One
Other Info
Too many laptops with different system specifications.
Before you start criticizing my post, I am just trying test how good Privazer Pro is. You folks can use whatever cleaning software you want and I am sure it will turn out to be alright. As long as you are happy and satisfied with the result, you can clean your system drive any way you want. To each his own.
I think you have nailed it! :LOL: If you're happy with how you're maintaining things, all is well.
 

My Computers My Computers

  • At a glance

    Win 11 Pro 25H2, Build 26200.8894Intel Core i5 1450064GB DDR4GeForce RTX 4060
    OS
    Win 11 Pro 25H2, Build 26200.8894
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Home Brew
    CPU
    Intel Core i5 14500
    Motherboard
    Gigabyte B760M G P WIFI
    Memory
    64GB DDR4
    Graphics Card(s)
    GeForce RTX 4060
    Sound Card
    Chipset Realtek
    Monitor(s) Displays
    LG 45" Ultragear, Acer 24" 1080p
    Screen Resolution
    5120x1440, 1920x1080
    Hard Drives
    Crucial P310 2TB 2280 PCIe Gen4 3D NAND NVMe M.2 SSD (O/S)
    Silicon Power 2TB US75 NVMe PCIe Gen4 M.2 2280 SSD (backup)
    Crucial BX500 2TB 3D NAND (2nd backup)
    Seagate 4TB Ironwolf, rotating HDD archive files
    External off-line backup Drives: 2 NVMe 4TB drives in external enclosures
    PSU
    Thermaltake Toughpower GF3 750W
    Case
    LIAN LI LANCOOL 216 E-ATX PC Case
    Cooling
    Lots of fans!
    Keyboard
    Microsoft Comfort Curve 2000
    Mouse
    Logitech G305
    Internet Speed
    Verizon FiOS 1GB
    Browser
    Firefox
    Antivirus
    Malware Bytes & Windows Defender Security
  • At a glance

    Win 11 Pro 25H2, Build 26200.8894Intel Core i5 1440032GB DDR5Intel 700 Embedded GPU
    Operating System
    Win 11 Pro 25H2, Build 26200.8894
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Home Brew
    CPU
    Intel Core i5 14400
    Motherboard
    Gigabyte B760M DS3H AX
    Memory
    32GB DDR5
    Graphics card(s)
    Intel 700 Embedded GPU
    Sound Card
    Realtek Embedded
    Monitor(s) Displays
    27" HP 1080p
    Screen Resolution
    1920x1080
    Hard Drives
    Crucial P310 2TB 2280 PCIe Gen4 eD NAND PCIe SSD
    Samsung EVO 990 2TB NVMe Gen4 SSD
    Samsung 2TB SATA SSD
    PSU
    Thermaltake Smart BM3 650W
    Case
    Okinos Micro ATX Case
    Cooling
    Fans
    Keyboard
    Microsoft Comfort Curve 2000
    Mouse
    Logitech G305
    Internet Speed
    Verizon FiOS 1GB
    Browser
    Firefox
    Antivirus
    Malware Bytes & Windows Defender Security
  • Nimo N171 17" Laptop, (Intel i3-1215U, 16GB RAM, 2TB NVMe, Win11 Pro)
    Acemagic Vista Mini PC V1 (Intel N150, 16GB RAM, 1TB NVMe, Win11 Pro)
    HP ENVY h8-1540t, (24GB RAM, 2TB SSD, 2TB HDD, Win11 Pro)
I’m looking for a pc cleaning software. I’ve read the posts about PC Manager and CCleaner. But what do people here consider the best one to use, these or other ones?


I've used CCLeaner for probably 20 years, like this...

 

My Computers My Computers

  • At a glance

    Win 11 Home ♦♦♦26200.8875 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦25H2AMD Ryzen 7 3700XG.Skill (F4-3200C14D-16GTZKW)EVGA RTX 2070 (08G-P4-2171-KR)
    OS
    Win 11 Home ♦♦♦26200.8875 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦25H2
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Built by Ghot® [May 2020]
    CPU
    AMD Ryzen 7 3700X
    Motherboard
    Asus Pro WS X570-ACE (BIOS 5302)
    Memory
    G.Skill (F4-3200C14D-16GTZKW)
    Graphics Card(s)
    EVGA RTX 2070 (08G-P4-2171-KR)
    Sound Card
    Realtek ALC1220P / ALC S1220A
    Monitor(s) Displays
    Dell U3011 30"
    Screen Resolution
    2560 x 1600
    Hard Drives
    2x Samsung 860 EVO 500GB,
    WD 4TB Black FZBX - SATA III,
    WD 8TB Black FZBX - SATA III,
    DRW-24B1ST CD/DVD Burner
    PSU
    PC Power & Cooling 750W Quad EPS12V
    Case
    Cooler Master ATCS 840 Tower
    Cooling
    CM Hyper 212 EVO (push/pull)
    Keyboard
    Ducky DK9008 Shine II Blue LED
    Mouse
    Logitech Optical M-100
    Internet Speed
    300/300
    Browser
    Firefox (latest)
    Antivirus
    Bitdefender Total Security
    Other Info
    Speakers: Klipsch Pro Media 2.1
  • At a glance

    Windows XP Pro 32bit w/SP3AMD Athlon 64 X2 5000+ (OC'd @ 3.2Ghz)TWIN2X2048-6400C4DHX (2 x 1GB, DDR2 800)EVGA 256-P2-N758-TR GeForce 8600GT SSC
    Operating System
    Windows XP Pro 32bit w/SP3
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Built by Ghot® (not in use)
    CPU
    AMD Athlon 64 X2 5000+ (OC'd @ 3.2Ghz)
    Motherboard
    ASUS M2N32-SLI Deluxe Wireless Edition
    Memory
    TWIN2X2048-6400C4DHX (2 x 1GB, DDR2 800)
    Graphics card(s)
    EVGA 256-P2-N758-TR GeForce 8600GT SSC
    Sound Card
    Onboard
    Monitor(s) Displays
    ViewSonic G90FB Black 19" Professional (CRT)
    Screen Resolution
    up to 2048 x 1536
    Hard Drives
    WD 36GB 10,000rpm Raptor SATA
    Seagate 80GB 7200rpm SATA
    Lite-On LTR-52246S CD/RW
    Lite-On LH-18A1P CD/DVD Burner
    PSU
    PC Power & Cooling Silencer 750 Quad EPS12V
    Case
    Generic Beige case, 80mm fans
    Cooling
    ZALMAN 9500A 92mm CPU Cooler
    Keyboard
    Logitech Classic Keybooard 200
    Mouse
    Logitech Optical M-BT96a
    Internet Speed
    300/300
    Browser
    Firefox 3.x ??
    Antivirus
    Symantec (Norton)
    Other Info
    Still assembled, still runs. Haven't turned it on for 15 years?
A script to apply tweaks, cleanup, then shutdown, to make sure, no malware is left in Caches/Temp.
Code:
...
start "" /wait "%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Wise\Wise Disk Cleaner\WiseDiskCleaner.exe" -a -all
shutdown /s /f /t 0
Ok. That makes sense.
I agree with igdat.

Disk Cleanup - TenForumsTutorials
Disk Cleanup - ElevenForumTutorials
Look no further unless you are able to identify real benefits from using a third-party tool.


Since Registry cleaning is something you are considering:-
- See Fred Langa's results [Table 3] comparing speed of booting improvements from use of Disk cleanup & two popular third-party tools - Putting Registry/system cleanup apps to the test - Fred Langa (WebArchive)
- Fred's results indicate that CleanMgr does the job as effectively as third party tools [which also indicates that the slower responses, that make people turn to these tools, are caused by temp files].
- You might also like to see MS's statements on the subject -
Microsoft support policy for the use of registry cleaning utilities KB2563254
Are registry cleaners necessary - MS (WebArchive)
And thanks to @Callender for posting Fred's results.



Denis
Sorry if I misspoke. I’m just looking for software to clean up my ssd and the Windows system in general. Articles I’ve read have warned me to avoid tinkering with the Registry if someone doesn’t know exactly what they’re doing. And since I don’t have any experience with the Registry, I tend to leave it alone unless specifically advised. I’m reading this while riding the bus to work so I’ll reread the and the subsequent entries.
 

My Computer My Computer

At a glance

Windows 11 Pro - version 24H2AMD Ryzen 5 7600X 6 Core AM5 5.3GHz CPUSilicon Power XPOWER Zenith 32GB (16GBx2) CL3...MSI GeForce RTX 4060 Ventus 2X Black 8G OC Gr...
OS
Windows 11 Pro - version 24H2
Computer type
PC/Desktop
CPU
AMD Ryzen 5 7600X 6 Core AM5 5.3GHz CPU
Motherboard
2024 MSI MAG B650 GAMING PLUS WIFI
Memory
Silicon Power XPOWER Zenith 32GB (16GBx2) CL30,1.35V UDIMM 6000MHz DDR5 RAM
Graphics Card(s)
MSI GeForce RTX 4060 Ventus 2X Black 8G OC Graphics Card
Monitor(s) Displays
Asus ROG Strix XG32WCS - 32in HDR VA 180Hz USB Type-C FreeSync Curved Gaming Monitor
Screen Resolution
2560 x 1440
Hard Drives
1) Silicon Power 1TB P34A60 Gen3x4 TLC R/W up to 2,200/1,600 MB/s PCIe M.2 NVMe SSD

2) Crucial 1TB E100 CT1000E100SSD8 Gen4 M.2 NVMe SSD
PSU
MSI 750W MAG A750GL 80+ Gold PCIe 5 ATX 3.0 Modular Power Supply
Case
SilverStone Fara R1 Pro V2 Tempered Glass ATX Case - Black
Cooling
Thermalright Peerless Assassin 120 SE ARGB Dual Loop CPU Cooler, 120mm Fan
Antivirus
Microsoft Defender
Why do you feel the need to "clean" your PC? Truthfully, other than the build-in capabilities of Windows, I don't see the point. There's very little to be gained by using these programs, and more than once they've stepped where they don't belong and caused problems instead of solutions.

What issue are you trying to solve? The way to attack any problem is to first define the problem and then look for solutions. You appear to be looking for solutions to a problem you may not have!
Like changing the oil and filters in a car, I’m just wanting to keep my system maintained properly. Everything is running just fine. I wanted to get the advice of people here before buying anything and possibly mucking things up.
 

My Computer My Computer

At a glance

Windows 11 Pro - version 24H2AMD Ryzen 5 7600X 6 Core AM5 5.3GHz CPUSilicon Power XPOWER Zenith 32GB (16GBx2) CL3...MSI GeForce RTX 4060 Ventus 2X Black 8G OC Gr...
OS
Windows 11 Pro - version 24H2
Computer type
PC/Desktop
CPU
AMD Ryzen 5 7600X 6 Core AM5 5.3GHz CPU
Motherboard
2024 MSI MAG B650 GAMING PLUS WIFI
Memory
Silicon Power XPOWER Zenith 32GB (16GBx2) CL30,1.35V UDIMM 6000MHz DDR5 RAM
Graphics Card(s)
MSI GeForce RTX 4060 Ventus 2X Black 8G OC Graphics Card
Monitor(s) Displays
Asus ROG Strix XG32WCS - 32in HDR VA 180Hz USB Type-C FreeSync Curved Gaming Monitor
Screen Resolution
2560 x 1440
Hard Drives
1) Silicon Power 1TB P34A60 Gen3x4 TLC R/W up to 2,200/1,600 MB/s PCIe M.2 NVMe SSD

2) Crucial 1TB E100 CT1000E100SSD8 Gen4 M.2 NVMe SSD
PSU
MSI 750W MAG A750GL 80+ Gold PCIe 5 ATX 3.0 Modular Power Supply
Case
SilverStone Fara R1 Pro V2 Tempered Glass ATX Case - Black
Cooling
Thermalright Peerless Assassin 120 SE ARGB Dual Loop CPU Cooler, 120mm Fan
Antivirus
Microsoft Defender
Articles I’ve read have warned me to avoid tinkering with the Registry


The Registry IS Windows.
What you see on the screen is just the GUI (graphical user interface).

For example, everything in Settings are just toggles for items in the registry.


That's why one of the Options in just about every tutorial is a registry patch.
You just save it to your desktop and double click it to use it.

You can also open a registry patch and view it in Notepad, so you can see what it does.


As an example... this is from the tutorial to "Turn on compact mode in File Explorer...


Image1.webp





All that stuff just sets "UseCompactMode" ...to 1 (for ON). If it was zero, it would be OFF.

It looks scary, but it's not that complicated.
And... because we use backup software (hint, hint), if we make a mistake, we just Restore from a backup.
 
Last edited:

My Computers My Computers

  • At a glance

    Win 11 Home ♦♦♦26200.8875 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦25H2AMD Ryzen 7 3700XG.Skill (F4-3200C14D-16GTZKW)EVGA RTX 2070 (08G-P4-2171-KR)
    OS
    Win 11 Home ♦♦♦26200.8875 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦25H2
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Built by Ghot® [May 2020]
    CPU
    AMD Ryzen 7 3700X
    Motherboard
    Asus Pro WS X570-ACE (BIOS 5302)
    Memory
    G.Skill (F4-3200C14D-16GTZKW)
    Graphics Card(s)
    EVGA RTX 2070 (08G-P4-2171-KR)
    Sound Card
    Realtek ALC1220P / ALC S1220A
    Monitor(s) Displays
    Dell U3011 30"
    Screen Resolution
    2560 x 1600
    Hard Drives
    2x Samsung 860 EVO 500GB,
    WD 4TB Black FZBX - SATA III,
    WD 8TB Black FZBX - SATA III,
    DRW-24B1ST CD/DVD Burner
    PSU
    PC Power & Cooling 750W Quad EPS12V
    Case
    Cooler Master ATCS 840 Tower
    Cooling
    CM Hyper 212 EVO (push/pull)
    Keyboard
    Ducky DK9008 Shine II Blue LED
    Mouse
    Logitech Optical M-100
    Internet Speed
    300/300
    Browser
    Firefox (latest)
    Antivirus
    Bitdefender Total Security
    Other Info
    Speakers: Klipsch Pro Media 2.1
  • At a glance

    Windows XP Pro 32bit w/SP3AMD Athlon 64 X2 5000+ (OC'd @ 3.2Ghz)TWIN2X2048-6400C4DHX (2 x 1GB, DDR2 800)EVGA 256-P2-N758-TR GeForce 8600GT SSC
    Operating System
    Windows XP Pro 32bit w/SP3
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Built by Ghot® (not in use)
    CPU
    AMD Athlon 64 X2 5000+ (OC'd @ 3.2Ghz)
    Motherboard
    ASUS M2N32-SLI Deluxe Wireless Edition
    Memory
    TWIN2X2048-6400C4DHX (2 x 1GB, DDR2 800)
    Graphics card(s)
    EVGA 256-P2-N758-TR GeForce 8600GT SSC
    Sound Card
    Onboard
    Monitor(s) Displays
    ViewSonic G90FB Black 19" Professional (CRT)
    Screen Resolution
    up to 2048 x 1536
    Hard Drives
    WD 36GB 10,000rpm Raptor SATA
    Seagate 80GB 7200rpm SATA
    Lite-On LTR-52246S CD/RW
    Lite-On LH-18A1P CD/DVD Burner
    PSU
    PC Power & Cooling Silencer 750 Quad EPS12V
    Case
    Generic Beige case, 80mm fans
    Cooling
    ZALMAN 9500A 92mm CPU Cooler
    Keyboard
    Logitech Classic Keybooard 200
    Mouse
    Logitech Optical M-BT96a
    Internet Speed
    300/300
    Browser
    Firefox 3.x ??
    Antivirus
    Symantec (Norton)
    Other Info
    Still assembled, still runs. Haven't turned it on for 15 years?
Aside from scrubbing my browsers occasionally...

10526.webp

Windows knows what to do with the rest.
 

My Computers My Computers

  • At a glance

    Windows 11 Pro
    OS
    Windows 11 Pro
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    ASUS ROG Strix
  • At a glance

    Windows 11 Pro
    Operating System
    Windows 11 Pro
    Computer type
    Laptop
    Manufacturer/Model
    ASUS VivoBook
  • ASUS VivoBook 'Lite' ~ Windows 11 Home
Like changing the oil and filters in a car, I’m just wanting to keep my system maintained properly. Everything is running just fine. I wanted to get the advice of people here before buying anything and possibly mucking things up.
Well, in this case, IMO it's like changing the oil and occasionally not tightening the oil filter correctly. You don't have to look very far to find a story about how someone nuked their Windows installation with a "PC Cleaner". :giggle:
 

My Computers My Computers

  • At a glance

    Win 11 Pro 25H2, Build 26200.8894Intel Core i5 1450064GB DDR4GeForce RTX 4060
    OS
    Win 11 Pro 25H2, Build 26200.8894
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Home Brew
    CPU
    Intel Core i5 14500
    Motherboard
    Gigabyte B760M G P WIFI
    Memory
    64GB DDR4
    Graphics Card(s)
    GeForce RTX 4060
    Sound Card
    Chipset Realtek
    Monitor(s) Displays
    LG 45" Ultragear, Acer 24" 1080p
    Screen Resolution
    5120x1440, 1920x1080
    Hard Drives
    Crucial P310 2TB 2280 PCIe Gen4 3D NAND NVMe M.2 SSD (O/S)
    Silicon Power 2TB US75 NVMe PCIe Gen4 M.2 2280 SSD (backup)
    Crucial BX500 2TB 3D NAND (2nd backup)
    Seagate 4TB Ironwolf, rotating HDD archive files
    External off-line backup Drives: 2 NVMe 4TB drives in external enclosures
    PSU
    Thermaltake Toughpower GF3 750W
    Case
    LIAN LI LANCOOL 216 E-ATX PC Case
    Cooling
    Lots of fans!
    Keyboard
    Microsoft Comfort Curve 2000
    Mouse
    Logitech G305
    Internet Speed
    Verizon FiOS 1GB
    Browser
    Firefox
    Antivirus
    Malware Bytes & Windows Defender Security
  • At a glance

    Win 11 Pro 25H2, Build 26200.8894Intel Core i5 1440032GB DDR5Intel 700 Embedded GPU
    Operating System
    Win 11 Pro 25H2, Build 26200.8894
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Home Brew
    CPU
    Intel Core i5 14400
    Motherboard
    Gigabyte B760M DS3H AX
    Memory
    32GB DDR5
    Graphics card(s)
    Intel 700 Embedded GPU
    Sound Card
    Realtek Embedded
    Monitor(s) Displays
    27" HP 1080p
    Screen Resolution
    1920x1080
    Hard Drives
    Crucial P310 2TB 2280 PCIe Gen4 eD NAND PCIe SSD
    Samsung EVO 990 2TB NVMe Gen4 SSD
    Samsung 2TB SATA SSD
    PSU
    Thermaltake Smart BM3 650W
    Case
    Okinos Micro ATX Case
    Cooling
    Fans
    Keyboard
    Microsoft Comfort Curve 2000
    Mouse
    Logitech G305
    Internet Speed
    Verizon FiOS 1GB
    Browser
    Firefox
    Antivirus
    Malware Bytes & Windows Defender Security
  • Nimo N171 17" Laptop, (Intel i3-1215U, 16GB RAM, 2TB NVMe, Win11 Pro)
    Acemagic Vista Mini PC V1 (Intel N150, 16GB RAM, 1TB NVMe, Win11 Pro)
    HP ENVY h8-1540t, (24GB RAM, 2TB SSD, 2TB HDD, Win11 Pro)
Okay, here is the result of the test of Privazer Pro on my HP EliteBook 830.G5 which has a full SSD system drive.

First off, cleaning with just Glary Utilities Pro, without cleaning the registry, and using Macrium Reflect Server Plus 8.1 to backup the system drive, the size is 18.7 GB.

Next up, with both Glary Utilities and Privazer Pro, using the same backup app, the size is 18.6 GB. It goes without saying that I never use registry cleaners. The registry is your your DNA. If your DNA is damaged, you cannot function as a human being. Should you clean your registry cleaner excessively, you won’t be able to use your office products not to mention other applications.

The difference in sizes is negligible. As such, my conclusion is Privazer Pro Suite suits those who run a HDD system drive. If yours is an SSD, you are better off sticking with what you have.

I am sure that is cleanup software that is better than Privazer Pro. But beware of a few that tend to overreach. Auslogic BoostSpeed is a case in point.

Incidentally, I am going to continue using it with my Dell Inspiron 14.5457. It makes sense and if I am being practical, I ought to replace my Glary Utilities Pro with Privazer Pro. But then, I have grown mightily fond of Glary Utilities Pro, so I am going to keep it.

1757914384610.webp


Privazer doesn’ fragment an SSD drive. It just trims it.

A screenshot of my desktop:

1757914525986.webp
 
Last edited:

My Computer My Computer

At a glance

Win 7,8.1,10,11, Mint, Kde Plasma, DebianIntel(R) Core(TM) i7-6500U CPU @ 2.50GHz16 GBIntel(R) HD Graphics 520/Nvidia GeForce 930M
OS
Win 7,8.1,10,11, Mint, Kde Plasma, Debian
Computer type
Laptop
Manufacturer/Model
Dell
CPU
Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6500U CPU @ 2.50GHz
Memory
16 GB
Graphics Card(s)
Intel(R) HD Graphics 520/Nvidia GeForce 930M
Sound Card
Intel(R) Display Audio/RealtekAudio
Monitor(s) Displays
Generic Pnp Monitor
Screen Resolution
1366 X 768
Hard Drives
ST2000LM024-1EJ164
Keyboard
Eng (US)
Mouse
Sanwa Supply
Browser
Firefox
Antivirus
Avast One
Other Info
Too many laptops with different system specifications.
Privazer doesn’ fragment an SSD drive. It just trims it.
There's no point in defragging an SSD, that's why it doesn't do it.
 

My Computers My Computers

  • At a glance

    Win 11 Pro 25H2, Build 26200.8894Intel Core i5 1450064GB DDR4GeForce RTX 4060
    OS
    Win 11 Pro 25H2, Build 26200.8894
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Home Brew
    CPU
    Intel Core i5 14500
    Motherboard
    Gigabyte B760M G P WIFI
    Memory
    64GB DDR4
    Graphics Card(s)
    GeForce RTX 4060
    Sound Card
    Chipset Realtek
    Monitor(s) Displays
    LG 45" Ultragear, Acer 24" 1080p
    Screen Resolution
    5120x1440, 1920x1080
    Hard Drives
    Crucial P310 2TB 2280 PCIe Gen4 3D NAND NVMe M.2 SSD (O/S)
    Silicon Power 2TB US75 NVMe PCIe Gen4 M.2 2280 SSD (backup)
    Crucial BX500 2TB 3D NAND (2nd backup)
    Seagate 4TB Ironwolf, rotating HDD archive files
    External off-line backup Drives: 2 NVMe 4TB drives in external enclosures
    PSU
    Thermaltake Toughpower GF3 750W
    Case
    LIAN LI LANCOOL 216 E-ATX PC Case
    Cooling
    Lots of fans!
    Keyboard
    Microsoft Comfort Curve 2000
    Mouse
    Logitech G305
    Internet Speed
    Verizon FiOS 1GB
    Browser
    Firefox
    Antivirus
    Malware Bytes & Windows Defender Security
  • At a glance

    Win 11 Pro 25H2, Build 26200.8894Intel Core i5 1440032GB DDR5Intel 700 Embedded GPU
    Operating System
    Win 11 Pro 25H2, Build 26200.8894
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Home Brew
    CPU
    Intel Core i5 14400
    Motherboard
    Gigabyte B760M DS3H AX
    Memory
    32GB DDR5
    Graphics card(s)
    Intel 700 Embedded GPU
    Sound Card
    Realtek Embedded
    Monitor(s) Displays
    27" HP 1080p
    Screen Resolution
    1920x1080
    Hard Drives
    Crucial P310 2TB 2280 PCIe Gen4 eD NAND PCIe SSD
    Samsung EVO 990 2TB NVMe Gen4 SSD
    Samsung 2TB SATA SSD
    PSU
    Thermaltake Smart BM3 650W
    Case
    Okinos Micro ATX Case
    Cooling
    Fans
    Keyboard
    Microsoft Comfort Curve 2000
    Mouse
    Logitech G305
    Internet Speed
    Verizon FiOS 1GB
    Browser
    Firefox
    Antivirus
    Malware Bytes & Windows Defender Security
  • Nimo N171 17" Laptop, (Intel i3-1215U, 16GB RAM, 2TB NVMe, Win11 Pro)
    Acemagic Vista Mini PC V1 (Intel N150, 16GB RAM, 1TB NVMe, Win11 Pro)
    HP ENVY h8-1540t, (24GB RAM, 2TB SSD, 2TB HDD, Win11 Pro)
That’s true. Defragmenting an SSD actually shortens its lifespan.

The good thing about Privazer Pro is not only is it comparable to the other major cleaners, it is available to anyone for a lifetime use. All you need to do is make a small donation to the developer. I remember paying 400 Japanese yen for the license.

I don’t know about Ashampoo and O&O, the other well-known cleaners are only available on a subscription basis. That means you need to pay an annual fee to use their cleaner.
 

My Computer My Computer

At a glance

Win 7,8.1,10,11, Mint, Kde Plasma, DebianIntel(R) Core(TM) i7-6500U CPU @ 2.50GHz16 GBIntel(R) HD Graphics 520/Nvidia GeForce 930M
OS
Win 7,8.1,10,11, Mint, Kde Plasma, Debian
Computer type
Laptop
Manufacturer/Model
Dell
CPU
Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6500U CPU @ 2.50GHz
Memory
16 GB
Graphics Card(s)
Intel(R) HD Graphics 520/Nvidia GeForce 930M
Sound Card
Intel(R) Display Audio/RealtekAudio
Monitor(s) Displays
Generic Pnp Monitor
Screen Resolution
1366 X 768
Hard Drives
ST2000LM024-1EJ164
Keyboard
Eng (US)
Mouse
Sanwa Supply
Browser
Firefox
Antivirus
Avast One
Other Info
Too many laptops with different system specifications.
Like changing the oil and filters in a car, I’m just wanting to keep my system maintained properly. Everything is running just fine. I wanted to get the advice of people here before buying anything and possibly mucking things up.
Windows takes care of this automatically with Storage Sense, which you can configure in Settings. You may also run built-in Disk Cleanup periodically, e.g., after major updates, etc.. HDDs and SSDs are also maintained by Windows automatically. All browsers contain settings to clear data as desired. No extra tools needed.
 

My Computer My Computer

At a glance

Windows 11 Pro 25H2 26200.7840Intel Core i3-8145U16GB
OS
Windows 11 Pro 25H2 26200.7840
Computer type
Laptop
Manufacturer/Model
Lenovo IdeaPad L340
CPU
Intel Core i3-8145U
Memory
16GB
Hard Drives
500 GB M2 1 TB HDD
Internet Speed
400 MB
Browser
Chrome | Edge
Antivirus
Microsoft Defender | Block unknown executables | Various ASR rules enabled | Smart App Control
Windows takes care of this automatically with Storage Sense, which you can configure in Settings. You may also run built-in Disk Cleanup periodically, e.g., after major updates, etc.. HDDs and SSDs are also maintained by Windows automatically. All browsers contain settings to clear data as desired. No extra tools needed.
I don't really think that it will automatically clean third party apps and other Browser than EDGE. But that is just my opinion.
 

My Computers My Computers

  • At a glance

    Windows11 Pro 26200.8894Intel Core i9 14900F (24 -Core, 68 MB Total C...32GB DDR5RTX 4080 Super w/610.74
    OS
    Windows11 Pro 26200.8894
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Dell Alienware Aurora R16
    CPU
    Intel Core i9 14900F (24 -Core, 68 MB Total Cache)
    Motherboard
    Dell Alienware
    Memory
    32GB DDR5
    Graphics Card(s)
    RTX 4080 Super w/610.74
    Sound Card
    Realtec
    Monitor(s) Displays
    Corsair XENEON 32QHD165
    Screen Resolution
    2560 X 1440
    Hard Drives
    1-2TB Samsung 990 Pro PCIe NVMe M2 SSD
    1-4TB Samsung 990 Pro PCIe NVMe M2 SSD
    PSU
    1000 Watt Platinum Dell
    Case
    Alienware
    Cooling
    Liquid Closed Loop
    Keyboard
    Corsair Strafe RGB
    Mouse
    Logitech MK270 Wireless
    Internet Speed
    100Gb's Down-20 Up
    Browser
    Firefox 152.0.6
    Antivirus
    Defender
    Other Info
    Very Quiet And Fast
    CyberPower UPS CP1500PFCLCD
  • At a glance

    PClinuxOS Mate (2025.7)13th Gen Inter(R) Core(TM) i3-1315U64 GB DDR4 @3200 MHz.Internal
    Operating System
    PClinuxOS Mate (2025.7)
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Intel
    CPU
    13th Gen Inter(R) Core(TM) i3-1315U
    Motherboard
    Intel
    Memory
    64 GB DDR4 @3200 MHz.
    Graphics card(s)
    Internal
    Sound Card
    None
    Monitor(s) Displays
    Dell 2419HGCF
    Screen Resolution
    1920 X 1080
    Hard Drives
    SAMSUNG 980 PRO SSD 2TB, PCIe 4.0 M.2 2280
    PSU
    Chicony 30 Watt
    Case
    Small
    Keyboard
    Dell
    Mouse
    Razor
    Internet Speed
    1GB
    Browser
    Slimjet
I don't really think that it will automatically clean third party apps and other Browser than EDGE. But that is just my opinion.
That's not what I meant. I meant that all browsers have built-in "clear data on exit" settings, or something similar.
All browsers contain settings to clear data as desired.
 

My Computer My Computer

At a glance

Windows 11 Pro 25H2 26200.7840Intel Core i3-8145U16GB
OS
Windows 11 Pro 25H2 26200.7840
Computer type
Laptop
Manufacturer/Model
Lenovo IdeaPad L340
CPU
Intel Core i3-8145U
Memory
16GB
Hard Drives
500 GB M2 1 TB HDD
Internet Speed
400 MB
Browser
Chrome | Edge
Antivirus
Microsoft Defender | Block unknown executables | Various ASR rules enabled | Smart App Control
That's not what I meant. I meant that all browsers have built-in "clear data on exit" settings, or something similar.
Browsers do have that, but CCleaner , Sircleaner, Wise Dick Cleaner , PrivaZer go much further than Browser settings will. Storage sense works great after an upgrade but as a day to day cleaner it does very little. I use CCleaner and Wise Disk cleaner but I am very careful about what boxes I check. To use any of these products as installed would lead to problems. I have been using CCleaner & WDC for many years without any issues.
 

My Computers My Computers

  • At a glance

    Windows11 Pro 26200.8894Intel Core i9 14900F (24 -Core, 68 MB Total C...32GB DDR5RTX 4080 Super w/610.74
    OS
    Windows11 Pro 26200.8894
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Dell Alienware Aurora R16
    CPU
    Intel Core i9 14900F (24 -Core, 68 MB Total Cache)
    Motherboard
    Dell Alienware
    Memory
    32GB DDR5
    Graphics Card(s)
    RTX 4080 Super w/610.74
    Sound Card
    Realtec
    Monitor(s) Displays
    Corsair XENEON 32QHD165
    Screen Resolution
    2560 X 1440
    Hard Drives
    1-2TB Samsung 990 Pro PCIe NVMe M2 SSD
    1-4TB Samsung 990 Pro PCIe NVMe M2 SSD
    PSU
    1000 Watt Platinum Dell
    Case
    Alienware
    Cooling
    Liquid Closed Loop
    Keyboard
    Corsair Strafe RGB
    Mouse
    Logitech MK270 Wireless
    Internet Speed
    100Gb's Down-20 Up
    Browser
    Firefox 152.0.6
    Antivirus
    Defender
    Other Info
    Very Quiet And Fast
    CyberPower UPS CP1500PFCLCD
  • At a glance

    PClinuxOS Mate (2025.7)13th Gen Inter(R) Core(TM) i3-1315U64 GB DDR4 @3200 MHz.Internal
    Operating System
    PClinuxOS Mate (2025.7)
    Computer type
    PC/Desktop
    Manufacturer/Model
    Intel
    CPU
    13th Gen Inter(R) Core(TM) i3-1315U
    Motherboard
    Intel
    Memory
    64 GB DDR4 @3200 MHz.
    Graphics card(s)
    Internal
    Sound Card
    None
    Monitor(s) Displays
    Dell 2419HGCF
    Screen Resolution
    1920 X 1080
    Hard Drives
    SAMSUNG 980 PRO SSD 2TB, PCIe 4.0 M.2 2280
    PSU
    Chicony 30 Watt
    Case
    Small
    Keyboard
    Dell
    Mouse
    Razor
    Internet Speed
    1GB
    Browser
    Slimjet
Apparently, someone at Auslogic didn't like my post singling out Auslogic BoostSpeed for being excessively aggressive in its cleaning process. They have my email address as I have bought software from them before.

Not wanting to offend anyone in particular, let me clarify. BoostSpeed is not for a novice. You have to very picky and choose wisely what you want to delete. Don't tick all the boxes or there will be hell to pay after you are done cleaning.

A safer application will be Auslogic Windows Slimmer Version 5.1.0.0 which is totally free.
 
Last edited:

My Computer My Computer

At a glance

Win 7,8.1,10,11, Mint, Kde Plasma, DebianIntel(R) Core(TM) i7-6500U CPU @ 2.50GHz16 GBIntel(R) HD Graphics 520/Nvidia GeForce 930M
OS
Win 7,8.1,10,11, Mint, Kde Plasma, Debian
Computer type
Laptop
Manufacturer/Model
Dell
CPU
Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6500U CPU @ 2.50GHz
Memory
16 GB
Graphics Card(s)
Intel(R) HD Graphics 520/Nvidia GeForce 930M
Sound Card
Intel(R) Display Audio/RealtekAudio
Monitor(s) Displays
Generic Pnp Monitor
Screen Resolution
1366 X 768
Hard Drives
ST2000LM024-1EJ164
Keyboard
Eng (US)
Mouse
Sanwa Supply
Browser
Firefox
Antivirus
Avast One
Other Info
Too many laptops with different system specifications.

My Computer My Computer

At a glance

Win 7,8.1,10,11, Mint, Kde Plasma, DebianIntel(R) Core(TM) i7-6500U CPU @ 2.50GHz16 GBIntel(R) HD Graphics 520/Nvidia GeForce 930M
OS
Win 7,8.1,10,11, Mint, Kde Plasma, Debian
Computer type
Laptop
Manufacturer/Model
Dell
CPU
Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6500U CPU @ 2.50GHz
Memory
16 GB
Graphics Card(s)
Intel(R) HD Graphics 520/Nvidia GeForce 930M
Sound Card
Intel(R) Display Audio/RealtekAudio
Monitor(s) Displays
Generic Pnp Monitor
Screen Resolution
1366 X 768
Hard Drives
ST2000LM024-1EJ164
Keyboard
Eng (US)
Mouse
Sanwa Supply
Browser
Firefox
Antivirus
Avast One
Other Info
Too many laptops with different system specifications.
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