Using the Microsoft Graph API, you can query the SHA1 and SHA256 hashes for a given OneDrive file. In reality, there isn't an off the shelf tool because to access the API you need to provide your MS Account credentials. That's a bit of expert-level coding.
There are (paid) 3rd-party products that sync to different clouds (OneDrive, GDrive, Dropbox, etc.) by using their API's. Some of them can probably check the hashes to make sure files are consistent.
There's no concept of "resuming uploads" for syncing. Cloud storage clients regularly scan their folder contents and compare the files on both ends, their timestamps and hashes to understand what is "out of sync". Unless there's a bug, a partially uploaded file won't be kept because it didn't match the original file's hashes.
If you have network issues, after waiting a while, OneDrive client should try to reconciliate both ends.
